Tanzanite, a gemstone as rare as it is alluring, has captivated the world with its unique beauty since its discovery in the late 1960s. Renowned for its striking hues and remarkable clarity, tanzanite stands as a gemological wonder. However, what color is tanzanite naturally? This seemingly simple question is the gateway to a journey through the fascinating world of gemology, geology, and the remarkable story of this precious stone.
The Discovery of Tanzanite
The story of tanzanite begins in the East African nation of Tanzania, near the foothills of Mount Kilimanjaro. In 1967, a Masai tribesman named Ali Juuyawatu stumbled upon the first tanzanite crystals while he was herding his cattle. These crystals, with their mesmerizing blue-violet hues, caught the attention of Manuel de Souza, a Portuguese prospector who was in the region searching for sapphires. The world would soon be introduced to a gemstone that would challenge preconceived notions about what nature could create.
Understanding the Formation of Tanzanite
To comprehend what color tanzanite is naturally, it’s essential to delve into its geological origins. Tanzanite is a variety of the mineral zoisite and belongs to the epidote mineral group. The gem’s color is primarily a result of the presence of vanadium, iron, and chromium impurities within the crystal structure. These trace elements interact with the mineral’s atomic lattice, causing it to absorb specific wavelengths of light and emit the enchanting blue-violet hues for which tanzanite is celebrated.
Tanzanite’s formation occurs in a geological marvel called a “convergent plate boundary.” This happens when the African tectonic plate collides with the Eurasian plate, causing intense heat and pressure to transform existing minerals. This geological crucible gives rise to the formation of tanzanite, alongside other precious gemstones. The chemical composition of the rock and the specific conditions under which it cools and solidifies ultimately determine the color of the tanzanite formed.
Exploring the Natural Color Spectrum of Tanzanite
Natural tanzanite exhibits a mesmerizing range of colors, making it a favorite among gemstone enthusiasts. Its predominant hues are blue and violet, but the exact shade can vary considerably. The most desirable tanzanite colors are often described as a rich, intense violet-blue. This is where the gem’s true magic lies, captivating the beholder with its deep, ethereal radiance.
Tanzanite’s natural colors span a spectrum from pale lavender to deep sapphire blue. The variation in color is attributed to the presence and concentration of the trace elements mentioned earlier. When vanadium is more dominant, the stone exhibits a more pronounced blue tone. On the other hand, higher levels of chromium tend to produce a purplish hue.
Tanzanite’s trichroism is another intriguing characteristic. This means that it can show different colors when viewed from different angles. While it may appear predominantly blue when viewed face-up, it can exhibit flashes of violet and sometimes even burgundy when viewed from different angles. This captivating phenomenon adds to tanzanite’s allure, making it a gemstone of unmatched complexity.
Factors Influencing the Color of Tanzanite
Several factors come into play when determining what color tanzanite is naturally, and understanding these elements is vital for both gemologists and enthusiasts alike.
Trace Element Composition: As previously mentioned, the concentration of vanadium and chromium influences tanzanite’s color. Vanadium is responsible for the blue hues, while chromium imparts violet and purple tones. The balance between these elements determines the gem’s overall color.
Cut and Clarity: The way tanzanite is cut can affect the perception of its color. A well-cut tanzanite will exhibit its color to the fullest potential. Additionally, inclusions and clarity can impact how light interacts with the gem, affecting its perceived color and brilliance.
Lighting Conditions: The environment in which tanzanite is viewed can also influence its color. Natural daylight, incandescent, and fluorescent lighting all have different effects on tanzanite’s appearance. Thus, the gem can exhibit variations in color under different lighting sources.
Size and Shape: The size and shape of a tanzanite can influence how its color is perceived. Smaller stones might appear more saturated in color, while larger ones may show a broader range of color.
The Allure of Tanzanite’s Rare Colors
Tanzanite’s striking blue-violet colors have secured its place in the world of fine gemstones. Its rarity and unique combination of colors have led to tanzanite being referred to as the “gemstone of a generation.” Its colors are often compared to the majestic sapphire and the regal amethyst. However, what truly sets tanzanite apart is its captivating play of colors, trichroism, and its ability to shift between blue and violet tones, depending on the lighting and viewing angle.
The most prized tanzanites are those that exhibit a vivid, saturated blue with a secondary violet or purple hue. These gems are highly sought after by collectors and connoisseurs, as their colors are not only rare but also visually stunning. The richness and depth of these hues are a testament to the unique geological processes that gave birth to tanzanite in the heart of Tanzania.
Heat Treatment and Its Impact on Tanzanite Color
While tanzanite’s natural colors are indeed mesmerizing, the gemstone industry often subjects tanzanite to heat treatment to enhance its color and remove any brownish undertones. This practice is quite common and generally accepted within the industry. Heat treatment typically occurs at temperatures of around 400-500 degrees Celsius, which can permanently alter the gem’s color. The result is a more vibrant and saturated blue or violet, depending on the starting material.
It’s crucial for consumers to be aware of whether a tanzanite has been heat-treated or not, as untreated tanzanites are considered more valuable due to their rarity. Reputable gem dealers and jewelers should disclose the treatment process for any tanzanite they sell. In the interest of transparency, it’s essential for consumers to inquire about treatment methods and insist on any relevant certifications when making a purchase.
The Appeal of Natural, Unheated Tanzanite
For those who appreciate the wonder of nature in its purest form, natural, unheated tanzanite holds a special allure. While heat treatment may enhance a stone’s color, there is an undeniable charm in possessing a tanzanite that reflects the true colors of the Earth’s geological processes. Such specimens, unaltered by human intervention, carry the story of their formation deep within their crystalline structure.
Natural tanzanite, unaffected by heat treatment, often showcases a broader range of colors. These stones can exhibit subtle shifts between blue and violet, depending on the angle and lighting conditions. Collectors and gem enthusiasts are particularly drawn to these tanzanites for their exceptional rarity and the unique beauty they hold.
Tanzanite’s Grading and Valuation
The Gemological Institute of America (GIA) is a renowned authority when it comes to grading and evaluating tanzanite. GIA assesses tanzanite based on the “Four Cs” – Color, Clarity, Cut, and Carat Weight.
1. Color: As we’ve established, color is the most critical factor in determining the value of a tanzanite. The GIA grades tanzanite color from “vivid” to “pale,” taking into account hue, tone, and saturation. A vivid, intensely saturated blue-violet tanzanite is the most desirable and valuable.
2. Clarity: Tanzanite is evaluated for the presence of inclusions or blemishes that may affect its overall appearance. The GIA grades clarity from “flawless” to “included.” Stones with fewer inclusions are more valuable.
3. Cut: The quality of the tanzanite’s cut plays a crucial role in maximizing its brilliance and color display. Well-cut stones that allow light to interact optimally with the gem’s facets are highly sought after.
4. Carat Weight: Tanzanite, like all gemstones, is priced by its weight, with larger stones being more valuable. However, the value of tanzanite increases exponentially with size, especially for stones over five carats.
Tanzanite’s value is also influenced by the presence or absence of treatment, as unheated stones are typically more valuable than heat-treated counterparts.
How to Care for Tanzanite
Tanzanite’s allure extends beyond its exceptional colors; it is also treasured for its relative rarity. To ensure that this precious gemstone remains in pristine condition, proper care and maintenance are essential. Here are some guidelines for caring for tanzanite jewelry:
1. Gentle Cleaning: Use a soft brush, mild soap, and lukewarm water to clean tanzanite. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, as they can damage the stone.
2. Minimal Exposure to Heat: Tanzanite can be sensitive to high temperatures, which may alter its color. It’s advisable to remove tanzanite jewelry when engaging in activities like cooking or using hot tubs.
3. Protection from Impact: Like all gemstones, tanzanite can be chipped or scratched by harder materials. Store tanzanite jewelry separately to prevent contact with other jewelry pieces.
4. Regular Inspection: Periodically examine your tanzanite jewelry for loose stones or damage. Professional jewelers can re-secure stones and perform any necessary repairs.
By following these care guidelines, you can ensure that your tanzanite jewelry remains as stunning as the day you acquired it.
Conclusion: The Natural Beauty of Tanzanite
In the world of gemstones, tanzanite stands out as a true wonder of nature. Its captivating range of colors, influenced by trace elements and geological processes, makes it a gemological treasure. Whether you appreciate tanzanite for its intrinsic value, its alluring hues, or its potential as an investment, there is no denying the captivating beauty of this remarkable gem.
The question of what color tanzanite is naturally is an entry point into a world of geological wonders, gemological expertise, and the timeless allure of a rare and precious stone. As tanzanite’s single-source origin and the scarcity of unheated stones continue to shape its market, it remains a symbol of the Earth’s creative forces and a testament to the artistry of nature. In a world of precious gems, tanzanite is, without a doubt, a gemstone that leaves an indelible mark on those who have the privilege of encountering its unique beauty.
