Ruby is the birthstone for the month of July, a gem that embodies the warmth and vitality of summer. Known for its deep red color and remarkable hardness, the ruby is a symbol of passion, protection, and prosperity. The tradition of associating specific gemstones with particular months dates back to ancient civilizations. The ruby, due to its vibrant color and rarity, has always held a special place in this tradition.
The idea of birthstones is thought to have originated from the Breastplate of Aaron, a religious garment described in the Bible’s Book of Exodus. The breastplate was adorned with twelve gemstones, each representing one of the twelve tribes of Israel. Over time, these stones became associated with the twelve months of the year and the twelve signs of the zodiac. Although the stones’ modern associations have evolved, the ruby’s connection to July has remained strong.
Historical Significance
Throughout history, rubies have been revered and coveted by various cultures. In ancient India, rubies were known as “ratnaraj,” meaning “king of precious stones.” They were believed to hold the power to bestow peace, health, and wealth upon their owners. Rubies were also thought to be capable of predicting danger by changing color, thus protecting their wearers from harm.
In medieval Europe, rubies were prized by royalty and the elite. They were often set into crowns, scepters, and rings, symbolizing power and protection. It was believed that rubies could bring wisdom, success in battle, and prosperity. The rich red color of the ruby was associated with blood and life force, further enhancing its perceived protective qualities.
In Burmese culture, rubies were considered to be “inextinguishable” stones, believed to contain an internal fire that could never be extinguished. Burmese warriors would embed rubies into their skin to become invincible in battle. The Mogok Valley in Burma (now Myanmar) has been a significant source of some of the world’s finest rubies for centuries.
Ruby Characteristics
Rubies belong to the corundum mineral family, which also includes sapphires. The red color of rubies is due to the presence of chromium within the mineral. This element not only gives rubies their distinctive hue but also contributes to their fluorescence, which can make rubies appear to glow under ultraviolet light.
One of the key characteristics of rubies is their hardness. On the Mohs scale, which measures mineral hardness, rubies score a 9 out of 10, making them one of the hardest gemstones. This quality makes rubies highly durable and suitable for everyday wear.
Rubies can range in color from pinkish-red to a deep, vivid red. The most sought-after color is often referred to as “pigeon’s blood,” a term used to describe rubies with a pure, vibrant red hue with a hint of blue. The color of a ruby significantly affects its value, with the deepest reds typically commanding the highest prices.
Another important characteristic of rubies is their clarity. Like other gemstones, rubies can contain inclusions, or internal flaws. However, rubies with fewer inclusions and higher clarity are more valuable. Inclusions in rubies are often referred to as “silk,” which can sometimes enhance the stone’s appearance by scattering light and creating a soft glow.
Cultural and Symbolic Meanings
Rubies have long been associated with various cultural and symbolic meanings. In many cultures, rubies symbolize love, passion, and power. Their fiery red color is often linked to the heart and blood, representing life, vitality, and intensity of emotions.
In ancient Hindu culture, rubies were considered to be the “king of gemstones” and were associated with the sun. They were believed to bring good fortune and were often used in religious ceremonies and as offerings to deities. The deep red color of the ruby was thought to represent the blood of the gods.
In Western cultures, rubies have been traditionally given as gifts to symbolize love and passion. They are often used in engagement rings and anniversary jewelry to represent enduring love and commitment. The ruby’s connection to the heart has also made it a popular choice for jewelry intended to convey deep emotional bonds.
Rubies are also believed to have protective qualities. In ancient times, they were thought to protect against misfortune and illness. Warriors wore rubies into battle to stay safe and to ensure victory. Even today, some people believe that wearing a ruby can protect them from harm and bring good luck.
Variations in Color
While the most famous rubies are known for their rich red color, rubies can actually exhibit a range of hues. The color of a ruby is determined by the amount and type of trace elements present within the stone. The primary element responsible for the red color in rubies is chromium, but other elements like iron and titanium can influence the exact shade.
Rubies can range from pinkish-red to purplish-red, with the most valuable stones typically exhibiting a pure, vivid red color with a hint of blue. These top-quality rubies are often referred to as “pigeon’s blood” rubies. The term “pigeon’s blood” is thought to have originated in Burma (Myanmar), where the finest rubies are found. These rubies have a deep red color with a slightly bluish undertone, reminiscent of the blood from a freshly killed pigeon.
In addition to the variations in red, rubies can also exhibit secondary colors. For example, some rubies may have a slight orange or purple tint. The presence of these secondary colors can affect the value of the ruby, with pure red stones generally being more valuable.
The distribution of color within a ruby can also vary. Some rubies may have a uniform color throughout, while others may show color zoning, where different parts of the stone have different colors. This can occur due to variations in the concentration of trace elements during the crystal’s formation. While color zoning can sometimes detract from the value of a ruby, it can also create unique and interesting patterns that some collectors find desirable.
Care and Maintenance
Rubies are relatively durable gemstones, making them suitable for everyday wear. However, like all precious gemstones, they require proper care to maintain their beauty and value. Here are some tips for caring for ruby jewelry:
Cleaning: Rubies can be cleaned using warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid using harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as these can damage the stone or its setting. After cleaning, rinse the ruby thoroughly and dry it with a soft cloth.
Storage: To prevent scratches and damage, store ruby jewelry separately from other gemstones. Ideally, each piece should be kept in a soft pouch or a lined jewelry box. Avoid storing rubies with harder gemstones, such as diamonds, which could scratch the ruby’s surface.
Avoid Exposure to Harsh Conditions: While rubies are durable, they can still be damaged by extreme temperatures and harsh chemicals. Avoid wearing ruby jewelry when doing household chores, working with chemicals, or engaging in activities that could expose the stone to hard impacts.
Regular Check-Ups: Periodically have your ruby jewelry inspected by a professional jeweler. They can check for loose settings, worn prongs, and other potential issues that could affect the stone’s security and appearance.
Protection from Light: Prolonged exposure to direct sunlight can cause some rubies to fade over time. When not wearing your ruby jewelry, store it in a cool, dark place to preserve its color.
By following these care guidelines, you can help ensure that your ruby jewelry remains beautiful and valuable for many years to come.
See Also: 5 Fascinating Facts About Ruby You Probably Didn’t Know
Quality and Certification
When purchasing a ruby, it is important to consider several factors that affect the stone’s quality and value. These factors include color, clarity, cut, and carat weight. Additionally, certification from a reputable gemological laboratory can provide assurance of the ruby’s authenticity and quality.
Color: The color of a ruby is the most important factor in determining its value. The finest rubies exhibit a pure, vivid red color with a slight blue undertone. Stones with a “pigeon’s blood” color are particularly prized. Rubies with secondary colors, such as orange or purple, are generally less valuable.
Clarity: While inclusions are common in rubies, stones with fewer and less visible inclusions are more valuable. However, some inclusions, known as “silk,” can enhance the ruby’s appearance by creating a soft, velvety texture.
Cut: The cut of a ruby affects its brilliance and overall appearance. Well-cut rubies reflect light evenly across the surface, enhancing the stone’s natural color and luster. Common cuts for rubies include oval, cushion, and round shapes.
Carat Weight: Like other gemstones, the value of a ruby increases with its carat weight. Larger rubies are rarer and therefore more valuable. However, the overall quality of the stone, including color and clarity, also plays a significant role in determining its value.
Certification: When purchasing a ruby, it is advisable to obtain a certificate from a reputable gemological laboratory, such as the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) or the American Gemological Laboratories (AGL). These certificates provide detailed information about the ruby’s characteristics, including its color, clarity, cut, and any treatments it may have undergone. Certification ensures that the ruby has been accurately assessed and provides peace of mind to the buyer.
In Conclusion
The ruby is a gemstone of remarkable beauty and significance. As the birthstone for July, it carries with it a rich history and a wealth of cultural meanings. Whether worn as a symbol of love and passion or as a protective talisman, the ruby’s enduring allure continues to captivate and inspire. With proper care and attention to quality, ruby jewelry can be cherished and enjoyed for generations.
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