Turquoise and howlite are two distinct gemstones, yet there is often confusion in the market due to the fact that howlite is sometimes dyed to resemble turquoise. In this article, we will explore the characteristics of both turquoise and howlite to determine whether turquoise howlite can be considered real turquoise. We will delve into their formation, physical properties, appearance, and value to gain a comprehensive understanding.
What is Turquoise?
Formation and Geological Background
Turquoise forms in a complex geological process. It typically occurs in arid regions where copper-rich solutions seep into aluminous rocks. The combination of copper, aluminum, and phosphorus, along with other trace elements, leads to the formation of turquoise. This process usually takes place over a long period of time and requires specific environmental conditions. For example, in the southwestern United States and some parts of Iran, the geological formations are conducive to turquoise growth.
Occurrence in Different Locations
Turquoise is found in various locations around the world. Some of the well-known sources include Arizona, Nevada, and New Mexico in the United States, as well as Iran, Egypt, and China. The turquoise from each region has its own unique characteristics. For instance, Iranian turquoise is often prized for its intense blue color and fine quality, while American turquoise can have a wider range of colors and matrix patterns.
Physical Properties
Color and Appearance
The color of turquoise can vary from a light sky-blue to a deep greenish-blue. It often has a waxy or vitreous luster. Turquoise may also contain a matrix, which is a network of other minerals such as iron oxides or limonite. The matrix can give the stone a unique and natural look, with patterns ranging from fine lines to blotches. For example, a turquoise specimen from Arizona might have a brownish-red matrix that complements the blue-green color of the turquoise.
Hardness and Durability
Turquoise has a hardness ranging from 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale. This means it is relatively soft compared to some other gemstones. It can be scratched by harder materials, so care must be taken when handling and storing it. However, when properly cared for, turquoise can be used in jewelry and withstand normal wear and tear. For example, a turquoise pendant worn on a necklace is less likely to get damaged quickly compared to a turquoise ring that is constantly exposed to more abrasion.
What is Howlite?
Formation and Geological Background
Howlite is a borate mineral that forms in sedimentary rocks. It is typically found in evaporite deposits, where it crystallizes from boron-rich solutions. The formation process is different from that of turquoise. Howlite is often associated with other minerals such as calcite and gypsum. It occurs in various locations, including Canada and some parts of the United States.
Occurrence and Availability
Howlite is more abundant than turquoise in some areas. It is mined in larger quantities and is relatively more easily accessible. This abundance makes it a more affordable option compared to turquoise in its natural, undyed state. For example, in certain jewelry-making industries, howlite is used as a substitute for more expensive gemstones due to its availability and lower cost.
Physical Properties
Color and Appearance
In its natural state, howlite is usually white or grayish-white. It has a porcelain-like appearance and a matte finish. However, it is often dyed to imitate other gemstones, especially turquoise. When dyed, it can take on a blue or green color similar to turquoise, but the color may appear more uniform and less natural compared to genuine turquoise. The dyed howlite may lack the characteristic matrix of turquoise or have an artificial-looking pattern.
Hardness and Durability
Howlite has a hardness of about 3.5 on the Mohs scale, which is significantly softer than turquoise. This makes it more prone to scratching and damage. It is not as suitable for heavy-duty jewelry use as turquoise, although it can still be used in certain designs where it is not exposed to excessive wear. For example, a pair of howlite earrings that are not constantly rubbed against other objects may hold up well, but a howlite bracelet that is worn daily might show signs of wear and tear more quickly.
Turquoise Howlite: The Dyed Imitation
Dyeing Process and Appearance
To create turquoise howlite, howlite is typically dyed using various chemical dyes. The process involves soaking the white or grayish howlite in a dye solution that imparts a blue or green color. The dye penetrates the porous structure of howlite, giving it a color similar to turquoise. The intensity and shade of the color can be adjusted depending on the desired look. For example, a darker blue dye might be used to mimic a high-quality turquoise.
Differences from Real Turquoise
Although turquoise howlite may look similar to real turquoise at first glance, there are several differences. The color of dyed howlite is often more consistent and lacks the natural variations in color and texture that genuine turquoise has. The matrix in turquoise howlite, if present, may look artificial or have a different pattern than that of real turquoise. For instance, a real turquoise might have a spiderweb-like matrix, while a dyed howlite might have a more blotchy or indistinct pattern.
Value and Market Presence
Price Comparison
Turquoise howlite is generally much less expensive than real turquoise. The cost difference is due to the fact that howlite is more abundant and the dyeing process is relatively inexpensive. A piece of turquoise howlite jewelry might cost a fraction of what a similar piece of real turquoise jewelry would cost. For example, a turquoise howlite necklace could be priced at around $20, while a real turquoise necklace with comparable quality and size might be priced at $200 or more.
Consumer Awareness and Deception
There is a significant issue of consumer awareness regarding turquoise howlite. Some sellers may not clearly disclose that the stone is dyed howlite and may market it as “turquoise” without proper clarification. This can mislead consumers who are looking for genuine turquoise. It is important for consumers to be educated about the differences between real turquoise and turquoise howlite to make informed purchasing decisions. For example, a consumer who is unaware of the difference might pay a higher price thinking they are getting real turquoise.
Conclusion
Turquoise howlite is not real turquoise. While it may resemble turquoise in appearance after being dyed, it has different geological origins, physical properties, and cultural significance. Understanding the differences between the two is crucial for consumers, collectors, and anyone interested in gemstones. By being able to identify and appreciate the unique qualities of real turquoise and being aware of the existence and characteristics of turquoise howlite, one can make more informed decisions in the world of gemstone purchasing, collecting, and appreciation.
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